Co-integrated vertically structured capacitive element and fabrication process

ABSTRACT

First and second wells are formed in a semiconductor substrate. First and second trenches in the first second wells, respectively, each extend vertically and include a central conductor insulated by a first insulating layer. A second insulating layer is formed on a top surface of the semiconductor substrate. The second insulating layer is selectively thinned over the second trench. A polysilicon layer is deposited on the second insulating layer and then lithographically patterned to form: a first polysilicon portion over the first well that is electrically connected to the central conductor of the first trench to form a first capacitor plate, a second capacitor plate formed by the first well; and a second polysilicon portion over the second well forming a floating gate electrode of a floating gate transistor of a memory cell having an access transistor whose control gate is formed by the central conductor of the second trench.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments and implementations relate to integrated circuits and inparticular to the process co-integration of a capacitive element (suchas a vertically structured capacitive element) with a high voltage MOStransistor and a memory cell.

BACKGROUND

Capacitive elements, such as charge-storage capacitors, are generallybulky components in integrated-circuit architectures.

Moreover, integrated-circuit component fabricating process steps aregenerally many in number and expensive, and it is constraining toimplement steps dedicated solely to the fabrication of a single elementor of a single type of element.

Thus, it would be desirable to increase the capacitance per unit area ofintegrated-circuit capacitive-element architectures, and to implementtheir fabricating steps conjointly with the production of othercomponents of the integrated circuit.

SUMMARY

In an embodiment, a method comprises: forming a first well and a secondwell in a semiconductor substrate; forming a first trench in the firstwell and a second trench in the second well, wherein each of the firstand second trenches extends vertically and includes a central conductorinsulated by a first insulating layer; forming a second insulating layerhaving a first thickness on a top surface of the semiconductorsubstrate; thinning the second insulating layer over the second trenchto a second thickness that is less than the first thickness; depositinga first polysilicon layer on the second insulating layer;lithographically patterning the first polysilicon layer to form: a firstpolysilicon portion over the first well, said first polysilicon portionbeing electrically connected to the central conductor of the firsttrench to form a first plate of a capacitor, a second plate of thecapacitor formed by the first well; and a second polysilicon portionover the second well, said second polysilicon portion forming a floatinggate electrode of a floating gate transistor of a memory cell having anaccess transistor whose control gate is formed by the central conductorof the second trench.

In an embodiment, an integrated circuit comprises: a semiconductorsubstrate; a capacitor supported by the semiconductor substrate; and amemory cell supported by the semiconductor substrate. The capacitorcomprises: a first well in the semiconductor substrate forming a firstplate of the capacitor; a first trench extending vertically into thefirst well, said first trench including a first central conductorinsulated from the first well by a first insulating layer; a secondinsulating layer on a top surface of the semiconductor substrate oversaid first well, said second insulating layer having a first thickness;and a first layer of conductive material on the second insulating layer,said first layer of conductive material electrically connected to thefirst central conductor, wherein the first layer of conductive materialand first central conductor form a second plate of the capacitor. Thememory cell comprises: a second well in the semiconductor substrate; asecond trench extending vertically into the second well, said secondtrench including a second central conductor insulated from the secondwell by a third insulating layer, wherein the second central conductorforms a gate electrode of an access transistor of the memory cell; afourth insulating layer on the top surface of the semiconductorsubstrate over said second well, said fourth insulating layer having asecond thickness which is less than the first thickness; and a secondlayer of conductive material on the fourth insulating layer, wherein thesecond layer of conductive material forms a floating gate electrode of afloating gate transistor of the memory cell.

In an embodiment, a method comprises: forming a first well and a secondwell in a semiconductor substrate; forming a first trench extendingvertically into said first well and a second trench extending verticallyinto said second well; forming an insulating cladding on sides and abottom of said first and second trenches; forming a conductive materialin a central section of said first and second trenches; forming a firstinsulating layer on a top side of the semiconductor substrate;selectively thinning the first insulating layer over the second well;forming a first conductive layer covering the first insulating layer;lithographically patterning the first conductive layer to form a firstconductive portion over the first well and a second conductive portionover the second well; forming a second conductive layer covering thesecond insulating layer; lithographically patterning the secondconductive layer and the second conductive portion to form a thirdconductive portion over the first well and form a control gate electrodeand floating gate electrode over the second well for a floating gatetransistor of a memory cell; wherein the central section in the secondtrench forms a control gate electrode for an access transistor of thememory cell; electrically coupling the central section in the firsttrench to the first conductive portion to form a first electrode of acapacitive element; and electrically coupling the first well and thethird conductive portion to form a second electrode of the capacitiveelement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent onexamining the detailed description of completely non-limitingembodiments and implementations, and the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a capacitive element;

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a capacitiveelement;

FIG. 3A shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the capacitive elementof FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 3B shows an equivalent circuit diagram for a memory cell;

FIGS. 4A-4J illustrates steps of a fabrication process forco-integrating a capacitive element (of FIGS. 1-2), a memory cell and ahigh voltage MOS transistor on a common substrate;

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a capacitiveelement;

FIG. 6A shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the capacitive elementof FIG. 5;

FIG. 6B shows an equivalent circuit diagram for a memory cell; and

FIGS. 7A-7J illustrates steps of a fabrication process forco-integrating a capacitive element (of FIG. 5), a memory cell and ahigh voltage MOS transistor on a common substrate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference is now made to FIG. 1 which schematically illustrates oneembodiment of a capacitive element C. The capacitive element C is formedin and on a semiconductor substrate 1 doped with a first conductivitytype (for example, p-type). A well 3 is vertically isolated from thesubstrate 1 by a buried layer 2 doped with a second conductivity type(for example, n-type, and referred to in the art as an NISO layer). Thewell 3 is laterally delimited and isolated from the substrate 1 bycontact regions 4 that are also doped with the second conductivity type,where the contact regions extend from the front side 10 to the buriedlayer 2. This structure is of the well-known triple-well architecturetechnology. The well 3 further includes trenches TR that extend into thewell from the front side 10. Each trench TR may include an implantedregion 8 in the well 3 that is doped with the second conductivity typeand located between the bottom of the trench and the buried layer 2. Thetrench TR is filled by a central section 5 made of a conductive materialthat is isolated from the well 3 by an insulating layer 7. For example,the central section 5 may be made of polycrystalline silicon(polysilicon) and the insulating layer 7 may be made of silicon oxide oranother suitable dielectric material. On the front side 10, and abovethe well 3, a stack is formed comprising a first insulating layer 17, afirst conductive layer 15, a second insulating layer 27 and a secondconductive layer 25. The first and second conductive layers 15 and 25may, for example, be made of doped polysilicon. The first insulatinglayer 17 may, for example, be made of a dielectric material such assilicon oxide. The second insulating layer 27 may, for example, be madeof a silicon oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) dielectric material.

A first electrode E1 of the capacitive element C is formed by theconductive central sections 5 of each trench TR and the first conductivelayer 15 which is electrically connected to the conductive centralsections 5 using vias and/or metal connection tracks. A second electrodeE2 of the capacitive element C is formed by the second conductive layer25 and the well 3 which is electrically connected to the secondconductive layer 25 using vias and/or metal connection tracks.

Contact-redistribution regions 13 that are highly doped with the firstconductivity type allow a contact of acceptable resistivity to be formedbetween the well 3 and, for example, contacts/metal connection tracksconnected to the second conductive layer 25 for the second electrode E2.Contact-redistribution regions 13′ that are highly doped with the secondconductivity type allow a contact of acceptable resistivity to be formedbetween the contact regions 4 and, for example, contacts/metalconnection tracks connected to the second conductive layer 25 for thesecond electrode E2.

The trenches TR extend longitudinally in a direction perpendicular tothe cross-sectional plane shown in FIG. 1. With this extension, thetrenches TR may extend past the extent of the first insulating layer 17so as to permit the making of the electrical connection of theconductive central sections 5 of each trench TR to the first conductivelayer 15.

FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment that does not use triple-wellarchitecture for delimiting the well 3. In accordance with one aspect ofthis implementation, the well 3 is a doped region of the firstconductivity type formed within the substrate 1.

FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the capacitive element C.

The capacitive element C may be decomposed into an assembly of threecapacitive elements in parallel.

A first capacitive element is formed by the first conductive layer 15and the second conductive layer 25 mutually separated by the secondinsulating layer 27.

A second capacitive element is formed by the first conductive layer 15and the well 3 mutually separated by the first insulating layer 17.

A third capacitive element is formed by the central sections 5 of thetrenches TR and the well 3 mutually separated by the respectiveinsulating liner 7 of the trenches TR.

The structures for the capacitive element C shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 areadvantageously similar to a structure of a non-volatile memory cell.Specifically, such a memory cell may include an access transistor havinga vertical gate with a structure homologous to the trenches TR, and afloating-gate transistor with a structure homologous to the stack of thefirst and second insulating layers 17, 27 and of the first and secondconductive layers 15, 25. Still further, the stack of the firstinsulating layer 17 and the first conductive layer 15 for the capacitiveelement C shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is advantageously similar to astructure of the insulated gate for a high voltage MOS transistor (forexample, a transistor configured to support operation at higher voltagelevels, such as voltages in the range from of about 4-5 voltage to about8-10 volts). Because of these similarities, the same fabrication stepscan be used in making both the capacitive element C, the memory cell andthe high voltage MOS transistor on a common substrate 1.

Each memory cell includes a floating-gate transistor FGT produced in andon a semiconductor well 3 of the first conductivity type, in atriple-well architecture like that shown in FIG. 1 (i.e., the well 3 isseparated from the subjacent substrate 1 of the first conductivity typeby a buried semiconductor layer 2 and semiconductor segments 4 of thesecond conductivity type).

As is conventional, each floating-gate transistor FGT includes a sourceregion S and a drain region D that are doped with the secondconductivity type, and a floating gate electrode and a control gateelectrode that are, for example, made of doped polysilicon and mutuallyseparated by a control-gate dielectric (for example, made of ONO). Thefloating gate electrode rests on a tunnel-oxide layer formed on thesurface of the well 3.

Each memory cell further includes an access transistor AT that allows arow of cells to be selected. This access transistor AT is a MOStransistor whose control gate is a vertical gate buried in the well 3and electrically insulated from the well by a gate dielectric, typicallymade of silicon dioxide. The conductive control gate of the verticalgate is typically made, for example, of polysilicon.

An implanted region of the second conductivity type is located betweenthe bottom of the trench accommodating the vertical gate and the buriedlayer 2 which allows, with the buried layer, the formation of the sourceregion of the access transistor.

The foregoing structures are shown, for example, in FIGS. 4J and 7J.FIGS. 3B and 6B shows the equivalent schematic for the illustratedmemory cell structure.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 4A-4J which illustrates steps of afabrication process for co-integrating the capacitive element C, thememory cell and the high voltage MOS transistor on a common substrate 1.The common substrate 1 is doped with a first conductivity type (forexample, p-type) and divided into a plurality of regions R1, R2, R3where certain integrated circuit devices are to be fabricated. Theregion R1 will include memory cells, the region R2 will includecapacitive elements, and the region R3 will include high voltage MOStransistors. The regions R1, R2, R3 may be isolated from each other asneeded, for example through the use of trench isolation structures (notexplicitly shown) as well-known in the art.

In FIG. 4A, the regions R1 and R2 are processed to define the activeregion for placement of the memory cells and capacitive elements. Thisprocess step would include implanting the buried layer 2 and contactregions 4 doped with a second conductivity type (for example, n-type)which delimit the well 3 which is implanted and doped with the firstconductivity type. The dotted line in region R2 illustrates that the useof the buried layer 2 and contact regions 4 is optional for delimitingthe well 3 for the capacitive elements (i.e., the buried layer 2 andcontact regions 4 are present when using the structure shown in FIG. 1and not present when using the structure shown in FIG. 2).

In FIG. 4B, the region R3 is processed to define the active region forplacement of the high voltage MOS transistors. This process step wouldinclude implanting a well 3′ which is doped with the second conductivitytype.

There is no particular order implied by FIGS. 4A and 4B. In more detail,as an example, the process steps in one order would include: a)implanting the buried layer 2 in region R1 and possibly also in regionR2; b) implanting the well 3′ in region R3; c) implanting the well 3 inregions R1 and R2; and d) implanting the contact regions 4 in region R1and possibly also in region R2.

In a next step, as shown in FIG. 4C, first trenches TR1 are defined inregion R1 and second trenches TR2 are defined in region R2. The trenchesTR1 in region R1 form the vertical gate for the access transistor of thememory cell. The trenches TR2 in region R2 form a portion of thevertically structured capacitive element C. The trenches TR1, TR2 inregions R1 and R2, respectively, are formed at the same time andpreferably have a same, or substantially identical, depth and are eachfilled by a central section 5 made of a conductive material that isisolated from the well 3 by an insulating layer 7. Each trench TR1, TR2may include an implanted region 8 in the well 3 that is doped with thesecond conductivity type and located at the bottom of the trench. Theregion R3 is masked off while the trenches TR1, TR2 are formed.

Next, an oxidation process is performed (for example, a thermaloxidation) to form an oxide layer 40 on the front surface 10 of thesubstrate 1. The result is shown in FIG. 4D. The oxide layer 40 is acommon oxide layer extending over the top surface of the substrate 1having a thickness T1 that is selected for forming the gate oxide of thehigh voltage MOS transistor being fabricated in region R3 as well as thefirst insulating layer 17 of the capacitive element C being fabricatedin region R2. The thickness T1 may, for example, be in the range of80-120 Å, and more specifically about 90 Å. Thickness T1 is selectedsuch that the portions of the common oxide layer 40 in regions R2 and R3support high voltage operation of the capacitive element C and the highvoltage MOS transistor.

The thickness T1, however, is too thick for use as the tunnel gate oxidefor the floating gate transistor of the memory cell being fabricated inregion R1. The regions R2 and R3 are masked off and an etch is performedin region R1 to thin a portion of the common oxide layer 40 to athickness T2 which is less than the thickness T1. The thickness T2 isselected to support proper operation of the floating gate transistor.The result is shown in FIG. 4E.

A layer 42 of doped polysilicon is then deposited on top of the oxidelayer 40. The result is shown in FIG. 4F. The layer 42 of polysiliconmay, for example, have a thickness in the range of 900-1400 Å, and morespecifically about 1200 Å.

Next, the layer 42 of polysilicon is patterned using conventionallithographic processing techniques to define a layer 44 in the firstregion R1 which will eventually provide the floating gate electrode ofthe floating gate transistor for the memory cell, the first conductivelayer 15 in the region R2 for the capacitive element C, and the gateelectrode 46 in the region R3 for the high voltage MOS transistor. Theresult is shown in FIG. 4G.

A conformal deposit of a layer 48 of an insulating material, forexample, a silicon oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) dielectric material, ismade to cover the layer 44 in the first region R1, the first conductivelayer 15 in the region R2 and gate electrode 46 in the region R3. Theresult is shown in FIG. 4H.

A layer 50 of doped polysilicon is then deposited on top of the ONOlayer 48 and oxide layer 40. The result is shown in FIG. 4I. The layer50 of polysilicon may, for example, have a thickness of about 1200 Å.

Next, the layers 50, 48 and 44 are patterned using conventionallithographic processing techniques to remove the layers 50 and 48 fromthe region R3, form the gate stack 52 in the first region R1 to includethe control gate electrode 54 and floating gate electrode 56 of thefloating gate transistor for the memory cell, and form the secondconductive layer 25 in the region R3 for the capacitive element C. Theresult is shown in FIG. 4J. The portion of the layer 48 in region R1which remains after the patterning provides the dielectric insulator 58between the control gate electrode 54 and floating gate electrode 56.The portion of the layer 48 in region R2 which remains after thepatterning provides the second insulating layer 27 of the capacitiveelement C. The layer 40 provides the gate oxide between the floatinggate electrode 56 and well 3 for the memory cell in region R1. The layer40 further provides the insulator between the first conductive layer 15for the capacitive element C and well 3 in the region R2 and providesthe gate oxide between the gate electrode 46 and well 3′ for the highvoltage MOS transistor in region R3.

The use of an oxide layer with the thickness T1 in regions R2 and R3, ascompared to the thickness T2 in the region R1, addresses concerns withrespect to oxide breakdown between the layer 42 of polysilicon(providing first conductive layer 15 and gate electrode 46) and thesubstrate 1 and thus permits higher voltage operation of both thecapacitive element C and the high voltage MOS transistor.

Further process steps for associated with defining source (S)/drain (D)regions and producing electrical contacts and interconnections are thenperformed to complete production of the integrated circuit. Thesefurther process steps are well-known to those skilled in the art, andthus are neither described in detail nor illustrated in the drawings.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5 which schematically illustrates anotherembodiment of a capacitive element C. The capacitive element C is formedin and on a semiconductor substrate 61 doped with a first conductivitytype (for example, p-type). A well 63 doped with a second conductivitytype (for example, n-type) is formed in the substrate 61. The well 63further includes trenches TR that extend into the well from a front side70 of the substrate 61. Each trench TR may include an implanted region68 in the well 63 that is doped with the second conductivity type andlocated at and below the bottom of the trench. The trench TR is filledby a central section 65 made of a conductive material that is isolatedfrom the well 63 by an insulating layer 67. For example, the centralsection 65 may be made of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) and theinsulating layer 67 may be made of silicon oxide or another suitabledielectric material. On the front side 70, and above the well 63, astack is formed comprising a first insulating layer 77, a firstconductive layer 75, a second insulating layer 87 and a secondconductive layer 85. The first and second conductive layers 75 and 85may, for example, be made of doped polysilicon. The first insulatinglayer 77 may, for example, be made of a dielectric material such assilicon oxide. The second insulating layer 87 may, for example, be madeof a silicon oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) dielectric material.

A first electrode E1 of the capacitive element C is formed by theconductive central sections 65 of each trench TR which are electricallyconnected to the first conductive layer 75 using vias and/or metalconnection tracks. A second electrode E2 of the capacitive element C isformed by the second conductive layer 85 which is electrically connectedto the well 63 using vias and/or metal connection tracks.

Contact-redistribution regions 73 that are highly doped with the firstconductivity type allow a contact of acceptable resistivity to be formedbetween the well 63 and, for example, contacts/metal connection tracksconnected to the second conductive layer 85 for the second electrode E2.

The trenches TR extend longitudinally in a direction perpendicular tothe cross-sectional plane shown in FIG. 5. With this extension, thetrenches TR may extend past the extent of the first insulating layer 77so as to permit the making of the electrical connection of theconductive central sections 65 of each trench TR to the first conductivelayer 75.

FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the capacitive element C.

The capacitive element C may be decomposed into an assembly of threecapacitive elements in parallel.

A first capacitive element is formed by the first conductive layer 75and the second conductive layer 85 mutually separated by the secondinsulating layer 87.

A second capacitive element is formed by the first conductive layer 75and the well 63 mutually separated by the first insulating layer 77.

A third capacitive element is formed by the central sections 65 of thetrenches TR and the well 63 mutually separated by the respectiveinsulating liner 67 of the trenches TR.

The structures for the capacitive element C shown in FIG. 5 areadvantageously similar to a structure of a non-volatile memory cell.Specifically, a memory cell may include an access transistor having avertical gate with a structure homologous to the trenches TR, and afloating-gate transistor with a structure homologous to the stack of thefirst and second insulating layers 77, 87 and of the first and secondconductive layers 75, 85. Still further, the stack of the firstinsulating layer 77 and the first conductive layer 75 for the capacitiveelement C shown in FIG. 5 are advantageously similar to a structure ofthe insulated gate for a high voltage MOS transistor. Because of thesesimilarities, the same fabrication steps can be used in making both thecapacitive element C, the memory cell and the high voltage MOStransistor on a common substrate 61.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 7A-7J which illustrates steps of afabrication process for co-integrating the capacitive element C, thememory cell and the high voltage MOS transistor on a common substrate61. The common substrate 61 is doped with a first conductivity type (forexample, p-type) and divided into a plurality of regions R1, R2, R3where certain integrated circuit devices are to be fabricated. Theregion R1 will include memory cells, the region R2 will includecapacitive elements, and the region R3 will include high voltage MOStransistors. The regions R1, R2, R3 may be isolated from each other asneeded, for example through the use of trench isolation structures (notexplicitly shown) as well-known in the art.

In FIG. 7A, the region R1 is processed by implanting the buried layer 2doped with the second conductivity type and the regions R2 and R3 areprocessed to define the active region for placement of the capacitiveelements and MOS transistors by implanting wells 63 and 63′ which aredoped with the second conductivity type. In FIG. 7B, the region R1 isfurther processed to define the active region for placement of thememory cells by implanting the contact regions 4 doped with the secondconductivity type and a well 3 which is doped with the firstconductivity type.

There is no particular order implied by FIGS. 7A and 7B. In more detail,as an example, the process steps in one order would include: a)implanting the buried layer 2 in region R1; b) implanting the wells 63and 63′ in regions R2 and R3, respectively; c) implanting the well 3 inregion R1; and d) implanting the contact regions 4 in region R1.

In a next step, as shown in FIG. 7C, first trenches TR1 are defined inregion R1 and second trenches TR2 are formed in region R2. The trenchesTR1 in region R1 form the vertical gate for the access transistor of thememory cell. The trenches TR2 in region R2 form a portion of thevertically structured capacitive element C. The trenches TR1, TR2 inregions R1 and R2, respectively, are formed at the same time andpreferably have a same, or substantially identical, depth and are filledby a central section 65 made of a conductive material that is isolatedfrom the well 63 by an insulating layer 67. Each trench TR1, TR2 mayinclude an implanted region 68 in the well 63 that is doped with thesecond conductivity type and located at the bottom of the trench. Theregion R3 is masked off while the trenches TR1, TR2 are formed.

Next, an oxidation process is performed (for example, a thermaloxidation) to form an oxide layer 90 on the front surface 70 of thesubstrate 61. The result is shown in FIG. 7D. The oxide layer 90 is acommon oxide layer extending over the top surface of the substrate 61having a thickness T1 that is selected for forming the gate oxide of thehigh voltage MOS transistor being fabricated in region R3 as well as thefirst insulating layer 77 of the capacitive element C being fabricatedin region R2. The thickness T1 may, for example, be in the range of80-120 Å, and more specifically about 90 Å. Thickness T1 is selectedsuch that the portions of the common oxide layer 90 in regions R2 and R3support high voltage operation of the capacitive element C and the highvoltage MOS transistor.

The thickness T1, however, is too thick for use as the tunnel gate oxidefor the floating gate transistor of the memory cell being fabricated inregions R1. The regions R2 and R3 are masked off and an etch isperformed to thin a portion of the common oxide layer 90 in region R1 toa thickness T2 which is less than the thickness T1. The thickness T2 isselected for forming the tunnel gate oxide for the floating gatetransistor. The result is shown in FIG. 7E.

A layer 92 of polysilicon is then deposited on top of the oxide layer90. The result is shown in FIG. 7F. The layer 92 of polysilicon may, forexample, have a thickness of about 1200 Å.

Next, the layer 92 of polysilicon is patterned using conventionallithographic processing techniques to define a layer 94 in the firstregion R1 which will eventually provide the floating gate electrode ofthe floating gate transistor for the memory cell, the first conductivelayer 75 in the region R3 for the capacitive element C, and the gateelectrode 96 in the region R3 for the high voltage MOS transistor. Theresult is shown in FIG. 7G.

A conformal deposit of a layer 98 of an insulating material, forexample, a silicon oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) dielectric material, ismade to cover the layer 94 in the first region R1, the first conductivelayer 75 in the region R3 and gate electrode 96 in the region R3. Theresult is shown in FIG. 7H.

A layer 100 of polysilicon is then deposited on top of the ONO layer 98and oxide layer 90. The result is shown in FIG. 7I. The layer 100 ofpolysilicon may, for example, have a thickness of about 800 Å.

Next, the layers 100, 98 and 94 are patterned using conventionallithographic processing techniques to remove the layers 100 and 98 fromthe region R3, form the gate stack 102 in the first region R1 to includethe control gate electrode 104 and floating gate electrode 106 of thefloating gate transistor for the memory cell, and form the secondconductive layer 85 in the region R3 for the capacitive element C. Theresult is shown in FIG. 7J. The portion of the layer 98 in region R1which remains after the patterning provides the dielectric insulator 108between the control gate electrode 104 and floating gate electrode 106.The portion of the layer 98 in region R2 which remains after thepatterning provides the second insulating layer 87 of the capacitiveelement C. The layer 90 provides the gate oxide between the floatinggate electrode 106 and well 63 for the memory cell in region R1. Thelayer 90 further provides the insulator between the first conductivelayer 75 and well 63 for the capacitive element C in the region R2 andprovides the gate oxide between the gate electrode 96 and well 63′ forthe high voltage MOS transistor in region R3.

The use of an oxide layer with the thickness T1 in regions R2 and R3, ascompared to the thickness T2 in the region R1, addresses concerns withrespect to oxide breakdown between the layer 92 of polysilicon and thesubstrate 61 and thus permits higher voltage operation of both thecapacitive element C and the high voltage MOS transistor.

Further process steps for associated with defining source (S)/drain (D)regions and producing electrical interconnections are then performed tocomplete production of the integrated circuit. These further processsteps are well-known to those skilled in the art, and thus are neitherdescribed in detail nor illustrated in the drawings.

The invention is not limited to these embodiments and implementationsbut encompasses any variant thereof; for example, the steps offabricating the capacitive element C may be implemented separately fromsaid conventional steps of fabricating a memory cell, i.e. implementedin a way dedicated to the fabrication of the capacitive element C;likewise, the first and second conductivity types may be, as shown inthe figures, p-type and n-type, respectively, or inversely may be n-typeand p-type, respectively.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An integrated circuit, comprising: asemiconductor substrate; a capacitor, comprising: a first well in thesemiconductor substrate forming a first plate of the capacitor; a firsttrench extending vertically into the first well, said first trenchincluding a first central conductor insulated from the first well by afirst insulating layer; a second insulating layer on a top surface ofthe semiconductor substrate extending over said first well, said secondinsulating layer having a first thickness; and a first layer ofconductive material on the second insulating layer, said first layer ofconductive material electrically connected to the first centralconductor, wherein the first layer of conductive material and firstcentral conductor form a second plate of the capacitor; and a memorycell, comprising: a second well in the semiconductor substrate; a secondtrench extending vertically into the second well, said second trenchincluding a second central conductor insulated from the second well by athird insulating layer, wherein the second central conductor forms agate electrode of an access transistor of the memory cell; a fourthinsulating layer on the top surface of the semiconductor substrateextending over said second well, said fourth insulating layer having asecond thickness which is less than the first thickness; and a secondlayer of conductive material on the fourth insulating layer, wherein thesecond layer of conductive material forms a floating gate electrode of afloating gate transistor of the memory cell.
 2. The integrated circuitof claim 1, further comprising: a MOS transistor, comprising: a thirdwell in the semiconductor substrate; a fifth insulating layer on the topsurface of the semiconductor substrate extending over said third well,said fifth insulating layer having the first thickness; and a thirdlayer of conductive material on the fifth insulating layer, wherein thethird layer of conductive material forms a gate electrode of the MOStransistor.
 3. The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the second andthird wells are doped with a same conductivity type and the first wellis doped with an opposite conductivity type.
 4. The integrated circuitof claim 2, wherein the wherein the MOS transistor is a high voltage MOStransistor configured for operation over a high voltage range of 6-12volts.
 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the second well isinsulated from the semiconductor substrate in a triple-wellarchitecture.
 6. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the firstwell is insulated from the semiconductor substrate in the triple-wellarchitecture.
 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the firstand second wells are doped with a same conductivity type.
 8. Theintegrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the second and fourth insulatinglayers are made of an oxide.
 9. The integrated circuit of claim 1,wherein the second and fourth insulating layers are portions of a commoninsulating layer on the top surface of the substrate.
 10. The integratedcircuit of claim 1, further comprising a doped region below each of thefirst and second trenches, the doped region below the second trenchforming a source region of the access transistor of the memory cell. 11.The integrated circuit of claim 1: wherein the capacitor furthercomprises a third layer of conductive material insulated from the firstlayer of conductive material and electrically connected to the firstwell to form the first plate of the capacitor; and wherein the memorycell further comprises fourth layer of conductive material insulatedfrom the second layer of conductive material to form a control gateelectrode of the floating gate transistor.
 12. The integrated circuit ofclaim 1, wherein the first thickness is in a range of 80-120 Å.
 13. Theintegrated circuit of claim 12, wherein first polysilicon layer has athickness in a range of 900-1400 Å.
 14. The integrated circuit of claim1, wherein the first and second trenches have a same depth.
 15. Anintegrated circuit, comprising: a semiconductor substrate; a first wellin the semiconductor substrate and a first trench in the first well; asecond well in the semiconductor substrate and a second trench in thesecond well; a central conductor insulated by a first insulating layerin each of the first and second trenches; a second insulating layer onthe semiconductor substrate, wherein a first portion of said secondinsulating layer has a first thickness extending over the first trenchand wherein a second portion of said second insulating layer has asecond thickness extending over the second trench; wherein the secondthickness is less than the first thickness; a first polysilicon layer onthe second insulating layer, wherein said first polysilicon layer islithographically patterned to include: a first polysilicon portionextending over the first trench on the first portion of said secondinsulating layer, said first polysilicon portion being electricallyconnected to the central conductor of the first trench to form a firstplate of a capacitor, a second plate of the capacitor formed by thefirst well; and a second polysilicon portion extending over the secondtrench on the second portion of said second insulating layer, saidsecond polysilicon portion forming a floating gate electrode of afloating gate transistor of a memory cell having an access transistorwhose control gate is formed by the central conductor of the secondtrench.
 16. The integrated circuit of claim 15, further comprising: athird well in the semiconductor substrate; wherein the first portion ofsaid second insulating layer further extends over the third well;wherein said first polysilicon layer is further lithographicallypatterned to include a third polysilicon portion extending over thethird well on the first portion of said second insulating layer, saidthird polysilicon portion forming a gate electrode of a MOS transistor.17. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the MOS transistor is ahigh voltage MOS transistor configured for operation over a high voltagerange of 6-12 volts.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the second andthird wells are doped with a same conductivity type and wherein thefirst well is doped with an opposite conductivity type.
 19. Theintegrated circuit of claim 15, wherein the first and second wells aredoped with a same conductivity type.
 20. The integrated circuit of claim15, wherein the second insulating layer is oxidized semiconductorsubstrate.
 21. The integrated circuit of claim 15, further comprising adoped region below each of the first and second trenches, the dopedregion below the second trench forming a source region of the accesstransistor of the memory cell.
 22. The integrated circuit of claim 15,further comprising: a second polysilicon layer insulated from the firstpolysilcon layer; and wherein the second polysilicon layer islithographically patterning to include: a third polysilicon portion overthe first polysilicon portion, said third polysilicon portion beingelectrically connected to first well to form the second plate of thecapacitor; and a fourth polysilicon portion over the second polysiliconportion, said fourth polysilicon portion forming a control gateelectrode of the floating gate transistor of the memory cell.